Is there a way for me to retrieve the data from my nonresponsive 2017 Macbook Pro's SSD, which is soldered to the logic board, if the repairer can't repair it and has offered me a replacement device? Can I use Time Machine to transfer the data to the replacement device? And if so, how would I go about doing that?
Since your SSD is soldered on the logic motherboard, there is no DIY way to remove it and perform the data retrieval or recovery work. The only way you can try is to take your dead MacBook Pro to your nearest retail AppleStore, Genius Bar, or Apple Authorized Service Provider and request data salvage from the soldered-on logic board SSD. They would have a utility for recovering data from a dead Mac.
Good luck~
Explains different ways to transfer files from Mac to external hard drives and the detailed steps. Learn how to copy or move files from Mac to external hard drive without copying.
XFS file system guide covers its definition, advantages and disadvantages, XFS vs EXT4 vs BTRFS, and how to create it.