Using the standard network protocol SSH of Linux on Windows indicates the dual system is installed.
SSH not only automatically encrypts and decrypts the network data between the SSH client and the server but also supports data transfer.
If the firewall in the working environment restricts the use of some network ports but allows SSH connections. It may be that the firewall restricts the use of the SD card of the Steam Deck. First, you can try to turn on the permissions of the SD card separately or turn off the Windows firewall, then turn it on after transmission (there is a risk of being attacked by malicious viruses)
Another way is to run the ISBLK command by SSH, and then the contents of your SD card should be shown in the /media directory. You might need to use an open-source disk partition tools program such as Gparted to unformat the drives.
If it still doesn't work, you have to know the Steam Deck is a game from some game manufacturers such as Valve, which announced that the SD or SSD cannot be replaced.
In addition to the original SSD, other sizes of SSDs will affect the heat dissipation of the chip, thus shortening the life of the SD, which easily causes damage and power consumption problems, as well as affects the stability of your Linux system, so the SSD card you replace may have incompatibility issues with the Steam Deck and cannot access it like internal storage.
The final solution is to replace it with another authorized SD card and try the transfer again.