How can I verify that files in one folder already exist somewhere inside another large folder on Mac?

I had to do something similar when consolidating old project archives. Manually searching through nested folders was impossible after a while. I ended up using iBoysoft Cleaner to scan both locations, and it was able to identify matching files based on actual content rather than folder structure. That made it much easier to confirm which files in the smaller folder were already backed up elsewhere before deleting anything.